THE REFUTATION OF JOHN
by miriam berg
Chapter XII
THE FINAL ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM
(John 12:12-19)
Finally, after an indeterminate period
of flitting back and forth between Jerusalem and Galilee
and making enigmatic remarks about going where the others
could not come, John reports Jesus as making a triumphal
entry into Jerusalem, hailed by the people as a prophet.
Now this event is confirmed by the Synoptics, as the
first time Jesus has come to Jerusalem, including all
the details of the palm branches and the quotations
from Isaiah and Zechariah. There it has significance as
the beginning of Jesus' final confrontation with the
Jewish rulers; but it cannot be interpreted as having
any significance other than as a grandstand stunt in
John where it is the fourth time Jesus has come to
Jerusalem. It is also notable that in the Synoptics Jesus
is not reported as claiming any significance for the
homage of the people, but merely says that if he makes
them keep quiet then the very stones will cry out; and
he quotes from the Psalms about praise from the mouths
of babes. John the narrator however comments that this
entry was in fulfilment of prediction, and that the people
did so because of the "sign" that he had performed, but
Jesus himself is reported as making no comment.
Mark and the other Synoptists report that the
first act of Jesus upon his coming to Jerusalem
was to cast out commerce from the temple,
but John reports that incident at the beginning of Jesus'
career. Now it is plausible that it was indeed the first act
of Jesus' career, and that Mark and the others have simply
misreported it in their timetable of Jesus' life; but their
entire account is so coherent, each confirming the other
in the general outline of Jesus' life, beginning with
traveling and teaching round about the Sea of Galilee,
continuing with the trip to Jerusalem, and culminating
with his confrontations there with the priests and elders
and his death, that it is difficult to read them as having
reported their story as events chosen at random. In fact,
does it not make more sense for the cleansing of the
temple to have occurred as the Synoptics report it, upon
Jesus' final entry to Jerusalem, rather than for Jesus to
have done so and then to have gone back and forth and back
and forth afterward, as John reports? Does not the
John's gospel look like the one which consists of events
chosen at random, one in Jerusalem, one in Cana, then
another in Jerusalem, another in Galilee, rather than as
the Synoptics report it? Does not this further indicate
that John is at best composing his gospel out of bits and
snippets he has heard, and filling Jesus' mouth with his
own (John's) interpretations and explanations and
offering his own (John's) comments besides?
(John 12:20-50)
Then Jesus is reported as discoursing
with certain "Greeks", not Jews,
about the glorification of the Son of man.
The logic of these passages is difficult to follow:
it reads like a collection of epigrams: about a grain of
wheat, about losing your life to find it, about following
and serving Jesus, and finally a weak plea to escape
"this hour". Now certainly similar epigrammatic
statements occur in the Synoptics: and in particular this
last plea is the only statement we have encountered in
John's portrayal which shows any human quality in
Jesus, such as he shows in his prayer in Gethsemane. It
is, however, spiritless and dull by comparison: Jesus is
reported as continuing to see his life merely as a play
which he is acting out: "For this cause came I unto this
hour." Contrast this with the scene reported in Matthew,
Mark, and Luke:
My soul is exceeding sorrowful unto death;
Abba, Father, if it be possible, let this cup
pass from me; nevertheless, not what I will,
but what thou wilt. (Mark 14:34-36)
Clearly, John interprets Jesus as carrying out a fore-ordained
plan: but he is refuted by Mark and the others,
who show Jesus in great agony, in Luke as sweating
drops of blood, over his impending death. This is yet
another passage where John's picture of Jesus as a
divine being falls far short of the Jesus of great humanity
and power shown by Mark, Luke, and Matthew.
We can note here that John reports the Passover as following
immediately Jesus' entry into Jerusalem, whereas some of
the choicest bits of Jesus' repartee
with the priests and elders are reported
in the Synoptics as occurring inbetween: the challenge
to his authority by the rulers, many parables about
political conditions, Render unto Caesar the things
that are Caesar's, the riddle of the resurrection, Mark's
version of the giving of the Great Commandments
reported also in Matthew, Jesus' koan regarding the
Messiah being the Son of David, the discourse
condemning the practices of the scribes and Pharisees,
and the discourse predicting the destruction of
Jerusalem, not one of which is reported in John. This
still further confirms the dramatic nature of the rendering
given by John of Jesus' life: the triumphal entry into
Jerusalem followed immediately by the Last Supper,
the arrest and trial, and his death. Whose timetable shall
we accept? The travels in Galilee with a final visit to
Jerusalem as told by the Synoptics, or the shuttling to
and from Jerusalem as told by John? "Now I am here,
the King of Israel," John would have us believe Jesus
said; while Mark and Luke report that Jesus asks, "Why
callest thou me good? none is good, even God," to a
questioner who addresses him as Good Master. "Blessed,
rather, are they which hear the word of God and keep it,"
he replies (Luke 11:27-28) when a woman cries out from
the crowd that he is blessed. Surely this last bit shows
conclusively that in Jesus' mind the "word of God" and
his own person were separate; how can anyone believe
otherwise?
Next chapter